 |
Latest Posts |
|
Archive |
First Global Age, 1450-1770
- How the transoceanic interlinking of all major regions of the world from 1450-1600 led to global transformations
- How European society experienced political, economic, and cultural transformations in an age of global intercommunication, 1450-1750
- How large territorial empires dominated much of Eurasia between the 16th and 18th centuries
- Economic, political, and cultural interrelations among peoples of Africa, Europe, and the Americas, 1500-1750
- Transformations in Asian societies in the era of European expansion
- Major global trends from 1450-1770
Message board
|
|
Thursday, 16 December 2010
- What is the title given to the head of the Catholic Church?
- Define chivalry.
- Chivalry is a term related to the medieval institution of knighthood which has an aristocratic military origin of individual training and service to others. It is usually associated with ideals of knightly virtues, honor, and courtly love.
- Name the four largest religions in the world.
- Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Judaism.
- What do Judaism, Islam and Christianity have in common? (Three general areas.)
- They are all monotheistic religions, namely they believe that there is only one God. Jews and Muslims greatly stress the oneness and unity of God. The affirmation of the oneness of God by Christians is sometimes misunderstood, because Christians believe that the one God is triune (the Holy Trinity). However, this is not a denial of monotheism but an affirmation of the complexity of the Divine Being.
- All three religions believe that God is the origin and source of all that exists. God cares about the entire creation and desires the well-being. God is just and has provided basic rules for out guidance so that we may be good and righteous, according to Cod’s intension. God is also merciful; by means of God’s grace we are given strength to be more like what we ought to be.
- Name the five chief obligations of a Muslim (also called the Pillars of Faith.)
- A Muslim must acknowledge that “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet.”
- A Muslim must pray five times daily facing the Mecca at dawn, at noon, in the mid-afternoon, at dusk, and after dark.
- Each Muslim must pay a zagat to the government.
- A Muslim must fast for the month of Ramadan. During the fasting month, one must retain from eating, drinking, smoking, and sexual intercourse from dawn until sunset.
- A Muslim must make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Every adult Muslim who is physically and financially able to do so must make this pilgrimage at least once in his/her lifetime.
- What were the Muslims of Spain called?
- List at least two factors that led to the change from feudal manors to new kind of commercial capitalism.
· The rise of democratic forms of government has been the result of a revolutionary shift in the relative importance and positions accorded by society to the individual and to the collective.
· This shift involved a movement toward a more balanced relationship between the rights and interests of the collective and the rights and interests of individuals. It has resulted in parallel developments in the spheres of philosophy, science, religion, economics, and politics to the rise of democracy.
- What is a troubadour?
- A composer and performer of Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100-1350). Since the word “troubadour” is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz.
- What two punishments did the church use to control people?
· Mormonism and violence.
- What group of people followed the code of chivalry?
- Usually knights were the ones who were following the code of chivalry.
- What were three results of the Black Death (to the society, not to individual people)?
- The Black Death 1347-1350.
- Dead littered the streets everywhere. Cattle and other livestock roamed the country unattended, and brother deserted brother. The Black Death was one of the worst natural disasters in history. In 1347 A.D., a great plague swept over Europe, ravaged cities causing widespread hysteria and death. One third of the population died. “The impact upon the future of England was greater than upon any other European country.” (Cartwright, 1991) The primary culprits in transmitting this disease were oriental rat fleas that were carried on the back of black rats.
- What was the long term impact of the Magna Carta?
· The American Constitution. It is the “supreme law of the land”, recalling the manner in which Magna Carta had come to be regarded as fundamental law. This heritage is quite apparent. In comparing Magna Carta with the Bill of Rights: the Fifth Amendment guarantees, “No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” In addition, the United States Constitution included a similar writ in the Suspension Clause, article 1, section 9. “The privilege of the writ habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.” Each of these proclaims no man may be imprisoned or detained without proof that they did wrong. The framers of the United States Constitution wished to ensure that rights they already held, such as those provided by the Magna Carta, were not lost unless explicitly curtailed in the new United States Constitution.
- Describe a Renaissance man. Don’t give a name but tell how a person became known as a Renaissance man.
- Think to yourself for a moment. Now picture a man in Shakespearean clothes reading a book. Now think of that same man sitting at a desk writing a book about anything and everything in the world. That would practically describe a Renaissance man.
- The philosophy of the Renaissance era is Humanism. Give two characteristics of this philosophy.
- Humanism represented a shift from the “contemplative life” to the “active life.” In the Middle Ages, great value had often been attached to the life of contemplation and religious devotion, away from the world (though this ideal applied to only a small number of people.) In the Renaissance, the highest cultural values were usually associated with active involvement in public life, in moral, political, and military action, and in service to the state.
- Another concept derived from the classical past 9though it was resent in the Middle Ages too), was literally doctrine of imitation. Of the two senses in which the term had traditionally been used, the theoretical emphasis of Renaissance literary critics was less on the imitation that meant mirroring life and more on the imitation meant following predecessors. In contrast to our own emphasis on originality, the goal was not to create something entirely new. To a great extent, contemporary critics believed that the great literary works expressing definitive moral values had already been written in classical antiquity.
- What man is given credit for developing movable type in Europe?
- In 1440, a German inventor Johannes Gutenberg invented a printing press process that, with refinements and increased mechanization, remained the principal means of printing until the late 20th century. The inventor’s method of printing from movable type, including the use of metal molds and alloys, a special press, and oil-based inks, allowed for the first time the mass production of printed books.
- What was the Scientific Revolution?
- Most associate this revolution with natural science and technological change, but the scientific revolution was, in reality, a series of changes in the structure of European thought itself: systematic doubt, empirical and sensory verification, the abstraction of human knowledge into separate sciences, and the view that the world functions like a machine. These changes greatly changed the human experience of every other aspect of life, from individual life to the life of the group.
- This modification in world view can also be charted in painting, sculpture and architecture; you can see that people of the 17th and 18th centuries are looking at the world very differently.
- Name the technological advances made during the Scientific Revolution that encouraged exploration.
- The early flight of Eilmer of Malmesbury.
- Metallurgical achievements of the Cistercian blast furnace at Laskill.
- At the beginning of the 13th century there were reasonably accurate Latin translations of the main works of almost all the intellectually crucial ancient authors, allowing a sound transfer of scientific ideas via both the universities and the monasteries. By then, the natural philosophy contained in these texts began to be extended by notable scholastics such as Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon, Albertus Magnus and Duns Scotus. Precursors of the modern scientific method, influenced by earlier contributions of the Islamic world, can be seen already in Grosseteste’s emphasis on mathematics as a way to understand nature, and in the empirical approach admired by Bacon, particularly in his Opus Majus. Pierre Duhem’s provocative thesis of the Catholic Church’s Condemnation of 1277 led to the study of medieval science as a serious discipline, “but no one in the field any longer endorses his view that modern science started in 1277.”
- Define mercantilism.
- An economic theory, considered to be a form of economic nationalism that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependant upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade it “unchangeable.”
- How did mercantilism affect the Age of Exploration?
- It affected it by playing a role. The role was to provide great opportunity for merchants to make money because nations getting gold and silver and by developing trade.
- Which country was the most powerful in Europe in the 1500’s?
- Ming China. Although some might argue that the dominant European power at the time, Spain, is said to be the most powerful country in Europe. However, it’s notable that the primary use of the currency that Spain extracted from its American colonies was buying spices and luxuries from the East. Additionally, contrasting the relative power of the Chinese fleet under Zheng He and the ships that sailed under Columbus demonstrates the disparity in power between the East and the West. One of Columbus’ ships could have been deck cargo on Zheng He’s flagship. Also, the fact that Ming at one point had a standing arm of 1 million troops shows how powerful an empire they were.
|
