STI/STD

Transmission

Signs & Symptoms

Short-term effects

Long-term effects

Prevention

Treatment

Human

Papilloma

Virus

(HPV)

Passed on through genital contact. may also be passed on during oral sex and genital-to-genital contact

Most people with HPV do not develop symptoms or health problems from it Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. RRP is a condition in which warts grow in the throat. Cervical cancer and other, less common but serious cancers, including cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx (back of throat including base of tongue and tonsils)

Most people with HPV do not develop symptoms or health problems from it. In 90% of cases, the body’s immune system clears HPV naturally within two years

Sometimes, HPV infections are not cleared and can cause: Genital warts. Rarely, warts in the throat -- a condition called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, or RRP.  Cervical cancer and other, less common but serious cancers, including cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx (back of throat including base of tongue and tonsils).

Vaccines can protect males and females against some of the most common types of HPV that can lead to disease and cancer. Condoms may lower the risk of HPV. Being in a faithful relationship with one partner; limiting their number of sex partners; and choosing a partner who has had no or few prior sex partners.

There is no treatment for the virus itself, but there are treatments for the diseases that HPV can cause.

Pelvic

Inflammatory Disease

(PID)

PID occurs when bacteria move upward from a woman's vagina or cervix (opening to the uterus) into her reproductive organs. Complication of some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Most commonly have lower abdominal pain. Fever, unusual vaginal discharge that may have a foul odor, painful intercourse, painful urination, irregular menstrual bleeding, and pain in the right upper abdomen (rare).

lower abdominal pain

Scarring in the fallopian tubes and other pelvic structures can also cause chronic pelvic pain (pain that lasts for months or even years). Women with repeated episodes of PID are more likely to suffer infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain.

Taking action to prevent STDs or by getting early treatment if they do get an STD. Condoms may lower the risk of PID. Being in a faithful relationship with one partner; limiting their number of sex partners; and choosing a partner who has had no or few prior sex partners.

PID can be cured with several types of antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment does not reverse any damage that has already occurred to the reproductive organs.

Pubic Lice

Pubic ("crab") lice most commonly are spread directly from person to person by sexual contact. Pubic lice very rarely may be spread by clothing, bedding, or a toilet seat

Itching in the genital area. Visible nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice.

Pubic lice do not transmit disease; however, secondary bacterial infection can occur from scratching of the skin.

As with other lice infestations, intense itching leads to scratching which can cause sores and secondary bacterial infection of the skin.

Sores, Scarring.

Do not share clothing, bedding, and towels used by an infested person. All sexual contacts of the infested person should be examined. Sexual contact between the infested person(s)s and their sexual partner(s) should be avoided until all have been examined

A lice-killing lotion containing 1% permethrin or a mousse containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide can be used to treat pubic ("crab") lice

Syphilis

Passed from person to person through direct contact with syphilis sore. Sores occur mainly on the external genitals, vagina, anus, or in the rectum. Sores also can occur on the lips and in the mouth. Transmission of the organism occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.

Many people infected with syphilis do not have any symptoms for years, yet remain at risk for late complications if they are not treated. Usually marked by the appearance of a single firm, round, small, and painless sore. Development of a rash on one or more areas of the body.

Without treatment, the infected person will continue to have syphilis even though there are no signs or symptoms; infection remains in the body.

May subsequently damage the internal organs, including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints. Signs and symptoms of the late stage of syphilis include difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, and dementia. This damage may be serious enough to cause death.

Correct and consistent use of latex condoms can reduce the risk of syphilis. Abstain from sexual contact. Long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who is known to be uninfected.

Syphilis is easy to cure in its early stages. A single intramuscular injection of penicillin, an antibiotic, will cure a person who has had syphilis for less than a year. Additional doses are needed to treat someone who has had syphilis for longer than a year. For people who are allergic to penicillin, other antibiotics are available to treat syphilis.